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CCTP 797: Discourses of Culture / Cultural
Theory
Professor Martin Irvine
Spring
2009
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Required Books
- Hazard Adams, ed., Critical Theory Since 1965. Tallahassee:
University Presses of Florida, 1989. [ISBN: 0813008441] (=CT)
- Michael Ryan, Cultural Studies: An Anthology. Blackwell, 2008. [ISBN: 1405145773] (=CS)
- Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality, vol.
1, Introduction.
New York: Pantheon, 1976. Reissue: New York, Vintage, 1990. [ISBN: 0679724699]
- Paul
D. Miller (DJ Spooky), Rhythm Science. Cambridge,
MA: Mediawork/MIT Press, 2004. [ISBN: 026263287X]
- Philip Smith and Alexander Riley, Cultural Theory: An Introduction. 2nd ed. Oxford and Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2009. [ISBN: 9781405169073]
About the Seminar
This seminar will provide a context for a self-reflexive and critical study of the various theories and discourses that surround the study of culture, especially the aspects of culture studied in the CCT program. The seminar will be especially focused on the key philosophical and methodological questions in the study of culture(s) from multiple disciplines.
Unlike most classroom-based courses, this seminar will be conducted with weekly student writing in the course Wiki, where real-time commentary and reflection will extend the application of cultural theory to cases and examples discussed by the seminar participants. (See the course philosophy and Wiki project description.)
Requirements: Weekly contributions to the seminar (individual and group), presentations
of material contributed to the seminar Wiki on cultural theory
(key concepts), and final article or essay contributed
to the seminar Wiki (Metapedia.com). Grades will be based mainly the collaborative
work of the seminar and contributing content to the Wiki site.
Students will also benefit from web publishing credit as writers
and contributors to an ongoing Wiki that will be world-accessible
and cross-referenced by search indices like Google and other Wiki
information sites.
Seminar Wiki
The seminar will practice and enact a self-reflexive critical methodology
through a collaborative Wiki site
for cultural theory (Metapedia.com).
| Theory
Sources | Key
Concepts | Metapedia
Cultural Theory Wiki |
Grading and Wiki Project |
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| 1 Introduction: Orientation to Doing "Cultural Theory" as
Self-Reflexive Theory |
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Preparation for week 1:
Introductory
Lecture [notes online]
- Introduction to
self-reflexive theory, the objects of knowledge and methodologies of cultural theory.
- Re-inserting "cultural theory" in philosophy and real-world practices.
- Cultural theory in the era of cultural hybridity, globalization, destabilization of authority and identity.
- What does doing theory or being theoretical
mean today for fields in the humanities and social sciences?
Background Readings: "Cultural Studies" and "Cultural
Theory" as Academic Disciplines
- Smith and Riley, Cultural Theory, Introduction, 1-5, and survey contents of book.
- Ryan, Cultural Studies, Preface.
- Simon During, "Introduction," Cultural Studies Reader (1993), 1-28.
- Hall, Stuart. 1990. "The
Emergence of Cultural Studies and the Crisis of the Humanities." October 53:
11-90."
- W. J. T. Mitchell, "Medium
Theory: Preface to the 2003 Critical Inquiry Symposium" (Critical
Inquiry, 30/2 April, 2003); and statements
by other theorists in this symposium (see links
to other essays and articles). [An interesting inside view of state of "theory" in the humanities in 2003: notice the sense of dead ends and few real-world outcomes, other than academic careers and the institutionalization of fields and university departments.]
- A
theory map for cultural theory (Irvine)
How do we work with theory in meaningful interdisciplinary ways today, after many failed paradigms?
How is it possible to maintain, for example, the existence of a unified, totalizing, monolithic "culture industry" (Adorno and descendants) in an era of multiple cultures, de-centralized control, micro-markets, competing and often contentious and resisting subcultures, globalization, and new technologies of production and distribution in the hands of users and receivers of cultural goods (music, video, texts, books, photography)?
Introductory Case Studies:
Introduction to the method of the seminar: collaborative Wiki (metapedia.com), weekly participation and presentations, real-time examples and case studies.
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| 2 Orientations to Core Readings: Cultural Studies and Cultural Theory |
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Learning Objectives:
An orientation to Cultural
Studies and Cultural Theory through some major definitions
and Foucault's theory of discourse.
Key Questions: Is there an
intellectually and institutionally demarcated field of study
for cultural theory/cultural studies? Considered from the key
questions of philosophy like epistemology and ethics, how does
Rorty's approach offer an orientation to cultural theory? How
does Foucault's theory of discourse provide an important way
of thinking about the objects and boundaries of culture theory,
cultural institutions, and the disciplines and professions that
we entrust with the authority to define culture.
Readings
- Smith and Riley, Introduction and Chap 1, pp. 1-25; Chap 9, pp. 144-157.
- Series of Introductions by Douglas Kellner (UCLA): "Cultural
Studies and Philosophy" | "Cultural
Studies and Social Theory"
- Stuart Hall, "Cultural
Studies and its Theoretical Legacies."
- Stuart Hall, "Encoding/Decoding." (print version: CS,
907-916.) [This is a classic summary of the interpretive methods of cultural studies, which we will return to in the context of cultural semiotics.]
- Richard Rorty, "Wild
Orchids and Trotsky," in Mark
Edmundson, ed., Wild
Orchids and Trotsky: Messages from American Universities (NY:
Viking 1993).
- Foucault, "Discourse
on Language" (CT, 148-): Introduction to discourse and ideology in the objectification of "culture"
Useful Supplementary Readings
Seminar Discussion: Round Table Discussion and Self-Reflexive
Critique of Readings
Introductory Wiki site contributions and discussion
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| 3 Culture, Discourse, Power, Ideology |
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Cultural Studies and the Question of the
Distribution and Maintenance of Power
Learning Objectives:
This unit introduces the concepts of ideology and power as they are used in cultural theory to explain the function of "dominant cultures" vs. "subordinate" or various kinds of "popular" cultures seen as outside the center of power and authority in a society.
Although many of these views and strategies for analysis have emerged from post-Marxian thought, it is useful for a student to gain a sense of the significance of these concepts before turning to the classical statements in Marx and other Marxian philosophers.
What is the role of power in culture and cultural theory? What
is the significance of a theory of power for understanding culture
and ideologies? What examples of panopticism (internalized policing
and monitoring of thoughts and actions) and hegemony (consent
to dominant views, beliefs, and practices) do we encounter every
day? How are we continually "disciplined," in Foucault's view, to internalize self-policing for sex and political views? Censorship in the media? Self-censorship in expression and the arts?
Readings
- Smith and Riley, Chap 3, pp. 34-53.
- Main
traditions of theory on "Ideology" (Irvine, excerpts
of main theories)
- Panopticism: Ideology and Power through self-policing or internalized surveillance
Antonio Gramsci's theory of hegemony
- Compare with Foucault's concepts of discourse and power
Representations and critiques of Panopticism and Hegemony in
popular culture: movie tradition
Student Group Presentation and Wiki Contribution
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| 4 Political-Economy and Culture: Marxism to Post-Marxism to Recent Theories of Cultural Capital |
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Learning Objectives:
Understanding the key concepts of post-Marxian political-economy theory and relevance to cultural
theory. Introduction to theories of cultural capital and network
economic theories.
Questions: does the labor theory of value
apply in today's information and knowledge economy? What about
intellectual property and circulation of intangible value in
cultural goods and media products? How do we describe the current
globalized, networked economy? Post-capitalist? How does current
theory account for the uneven distribution of political-economic
systems? Understanding cultural goods and intellectual property
values.
Readings and Reference Works
Marx
- Key terms and concepts: theory of capital, capitalism as a theory
of class structure, theory of exchange value, the "labor theory
of value", base and superstructure, ideology as "false
consciousness,"
"culture" and surplus value From Karl Marx's Outline of the Critique
of Political Economy (Grundrisse) (1857):
- Theory
of the Commodity from A Contribution to
the Critique of Political Economy (1859)
- Capital: Index
to vol. 1. Read: Chapter
One, sections 1, 3 and 4 (Theory of
commodity, value, and commodity fetishism)
- Overview of Marx in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Critique of the Frankfurt School view of the "Culture Industries"
- The works of Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer, leaders of the Frankfurt School, have been influential in maintaining a version of Marxian thought that sees popular culture and mass culture as products of a capitalist-consumerist "culture industry" with only one strategy: blinding the masses to their true conditions through entertainment and illusion in order to perpetuate economic and political hierarchy and social dependency. This rigorous determinist and totalizing view has many problems, but the theory is important to know for further critique.
- From The Frankfurt School emerged "critical theory" (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy overview), critical social theory, from a blend of reflective philosophy from the 1930s-1960s. See also overview of Adorno's philosophy.
- See The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception (web). Text also in CT and in pdf.
- Adorno's follow-up essay, "The
Culture Industry Reconsidered"
(lecture 1963, published 1967) is a continuation and reassertion of their totalizing argument, as if post-modernism, Pop art, and hundreds of other forms of popular culture are not happening!
- "[The culture industry] proclaims: you shall conform, without instruction as to what; conform to that which exists anyway, and to that which everyone thinks anyway as a reflex of its power and omnipresence. The power of the culture industry's ideology is such that conformity has replaced consciousness. The order that springs from it is never confronted with what it claims to be or with the real interests of human beings." (from "The Culture Industry Reconsidered")
- Consider self-reflexive critiques:
- Adorno and Horkheimer preserve an elitist, Romantic view of "culture" and offer no possible future for the movement of modern art, literature, music, film, photography or philosophy itself.
- Why does this line of argument have such little regard for the intelligence of "the masses," as if people are not capable of intervening with their own independence? No regard for the agency of individuals and multiple uses of popular culture.
- Unprepared to deal with globalization and multiple sub-cultures.
- Cannot consider the proliferation of art and popular media from many non-mainstream sources.
- Misses the ironic and subversive readings of entertainment industries' products.
- Theory not extensible to the role of consumers as producers in post-Web and digital media world.
Pierre Bourdieu: Theory of cultural capital and symbolic value of
cultural goods. An important re-interpretation of the concept of "capital."
- Bourdieu, "Forms
of Capital."
- One of the most important re-conceptualizations of capital and value. Important for helping to explain symbolic value and value of intellectual property (intangible "property" and forms of "capital" capable of producing great value).
Political Economy of Media and Entertainment Industries
- Map of Concentration of Media Industries, 2006 (The Nation)
- Media ownership and industry concentration follows the logic of consolidation and vertical integration. What does ihs mean for media and consumers of cultural goods?
Self-Reflexive Critique of Marxist and post-Marxian Cultural Philosophy
- Consider questions of agency (individual and class) for change,
knowledge economy conditions, global market interdependence, global
consumerism, intellectual property, cultural capital.
Student
Group Presentation and Wiki Contribution
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| 5 Structuralism and Semiotics: Towards a Grammar of Culture |
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Learning Objectives
Understanding the main assumptions and concepts of structuralism
and semiotics concerning language and signs. What is the significance
for cultural theory of the "linguistic turn," approaching
all aspects of culture as a language, a system of learned codes.
How can the concepts and methods of semiotics be extended to
all forms of culture as multiple kinds of cultural languages?
Readings:
Structuralist models of language and the linguistic sign
- Smith and Riley, chap. 6, 92-102.
- Ferdinand de Saussure, selections from Course
in General Linguistics (CT, 646-654)
- Further Reading: Paul Bouissac, "Perspectives
on Saussure," University of Toronto,
2003.
- Emile Benveniste, "The Nature of the Linguistic Sign" and "Subjectivity
in Language." (CT, 725-32)
Introductions to Semiotics
Examples from popular culture and media
- Advertising, popular TV genres, movies: some cases to illustrate
"the grammar of meaning" using semiotic concepts and methods
of analysis.
Student Group Presentation and Wiki Contribution
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Learning Objectives
Using the core theories of semiotics, how can cultural semiotics
be applied to all forms of cultural productions today? How
does interpretation and meaning-making work across media forms
and genres (movies as "commentaries" on books, TV genres, or
comics) and cultures (cross-globalization interpretations).
How can we read new media and web sites like MySpace and YouTube?
How do we extend the theory to examples from both high and
low culture?
Core Readings
- Smith and Riley, 102- 108 (on Barthes); chap. 11, 180-184 (on Bakhtin and Eco)
Barthes and Semiology
- Roland Barthes, Mythologies,
1, "Myth Today" (trans. Annette Lavers, 1984)
(pdf). (An html
version)
- One of Barthes' first descriptions of semiology,
the term adopted by French theorists. A source of confusion
may be his use of the term "myth," by which
Barthes means the second-order meanings and codes that
we live by.
- Roland Barthes, Elements
of Semiology (1964; English edition, 1968). [Become familiar
with his terms and approach: semiology as approach to all cultural
meaning, though still modeled on the "text".
Yurij Lotman, "On
the Semiotic Mechanism of Culture" (CT
410- )
Cultural Encoding and Decoding
- Stuart Hall, "Encoding/Decoding." (print: CS,
907-916.) [Reconsider in this context]
- Daniel Chandler, "Encoding/Decoding" [background
and review of cultural semiotic theory]
Important Issues in Cultural Semiotics:
- Lotman's "Incompleteness Theory": all cultures experience
themselves as essentially incomplete, which is why we continue
to make new works, new interpretations, commentaries, additions
to past and current cultural productions.
- Cultural meanings function like a language, that is, they are
learned (not natural), rule-governed (multi-levels of "grammar"),
and collective/social (not private or individual).
- Lotman's corollary: culture is the non-hereditary memory
of a community
Intertextuality, Dialogism
A word (or in general any sign) is interindividual.
Everything that is said, expressed, is located outside the soul of
the speaker and does not belong only to him. The word cannot be assigned
to a single speaker. The author (speaker) has his own inalienable
right to the word, but the listener has his rights, and those whose
voices are heard in the word before the author comes upon it also
have their rights (after all, there are no words that belong to no
one).
[Mikhail Bakhtin. Speech Genres and Other Late Essays (Trans.
Vern McGee). Austin: University of Texas Press, 1986, pp. 121-122.]
Bakhtin, Kristeva, Eco: The Activity of Meaning and Interpretation
- Daniel Chandler, "Intertextuality." [Overview]
- Kristeva, excerpt from "Word,
Dialogue, and Novel." From Toril Moi, ed., The Kristeva
Reader [New York: Columbia University Press, 1986]).
- Working with the idea of "the cultural encyclopedia" (Umberto
Eco):
Examples from popular culture and media
Student Group Presentation and Wiki Contribution
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| 7 Post-Structuralism and Deconstruction |
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Learning Objectives
What are the key strategies of deconstruction? What philosophical
traditions does Derrida draw from? Working through the playfulness
and rhetorical audacity of Derrida's writings, what key assumptions
do you find? How can discourses and whole cultural systems like
laws and sexuality be "deconstructed" to disclose unacknowledged,
suppressed, or repressed contradictions that provide a path for
criticism and change? How can deconstruction be used in interpreting
cultural works against dominant beliefs or ideologies?
Derrida and Deconstruction: main theories and legacy
Derrida and Deconstruction: Lecture Notes (Irvine)
Film Examples
- Blade Runner as a deconstruction of the utopian
futuristic genre, merging film noir and post-Frankenstein human-machine
engineering
- Chains of intertextual dependencies: Blade
Runner,
Akira and Japanese anime, Ghost in
the Shell, the Matrix Series
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| 8 Foucault and Cultural Archaeology |
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Learning Objectives:
How does Foucault's model of "Archaeology" provide a method for
doing cultural history? Explain Foucault's key concepts of
"discourse," "discursive practice," "the archive." Tie together
our earlier readings of Foucault and cultural semiotics. With
his essay on "What is an Author," how does he move inquiry
toward the function of authority and bodies of discourse that
function socially and ideologically apart from individuals?
How can we use this approach to analyze current media and cultural
issues like the role of producers, users, and consumers of
information in mass media and the Internet? How can we use
the model of "archaeology" heuristically to make new discoveries
about the social, political, economic, and ideological networks
in play at any given social-historical moment?
Readings
Further Reading and Sources
Applied Archaeology Topic: The Current Status
of the Book and Text in the post-digital and (mainly) visual culture
world
- What is the status and function of writing, the book, and text
in our culture over the past 500 years? past 100 years? past
25? Today?
- See Martin Irvine, "The
Book, the Page, the Text, and Biblio-Futures
or, The Once and Future Book" (multimedia conference presentation).
- Ideologies of writing, the text, the book: do a horizontal
view through a current slice of time. Ideology of writing and
text in various media (handwriting, print, word processed, Web,
e-books, pdf documents, etc.), contexts of signifying, products
and commodities, advertising, libraries (real vs. online), copyright
regimes, Amazon and Google and texts, news online, text messaging,
the combination of text and image.
Student Group Presentation and Wiki Contribution
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| 9 Theories of Media and Technology |
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Is there, or can there be, a generalized or generalizable "theory
of technology" in relation to culture? The ideology of "technology"
is interwoven in much of the discourse of America and the developed
world, but it is seldom clear what the referent of the term is.
The most popularized representations of "technology" span both
utopian and dystopian views and projections; which views are
dominant today? Consider some of the main traditions of theory
and discourse on technology and culture since "critical theory"
(various post-Marxist positions like Benjamin, Debord, and Adorno/Horkheimer),
including techno-determinist views (McLuhan), and the cross-institutional
view of Debray (whom we will consider in more detail later).
Readings
- Walter Benjamin, "The
Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction." [Another copy.]
- Benjamin was part of the Frankfurt School of neo-Marxist writers, but proposed his own more nuanced theory, though still in the grip of presuppositions about "mass culture" that couldn't deal with emerging trends in modernism and possible subversive uses of mass culture.
- Guy Debord, The
Society of the Spectacle (1967) [Another copy.]
- Marshall McLuhan, "The
Medium is the Message" (Excerpt from Understanding
Media, The Extensions of Man. Part I, Chapters 1-7, 2nd
Edition). (See especially Part
1, "The Medium is the Message," paragraphs 1-3.). Another
version of the chapter.
- Introducing Mediology as an alternative view:
- Regis Debray, "What
is Mediology?" Le Monde Diplomatique, Aug.,
1999. (Trans. Martin Irvine)
Sources
Media, Film, Video, Advertising
Student Group Presentation and Wiki Contribution
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| 10 Postmodernism and Post-Postmodernism |
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Learning Objectives:
What was postmodernism? Distinguish between "the postmodern,"
"postmodernism," and "postmodernity." How
much of postmodern theory from the 1960s-1990s is relevant
for thinking today? Where are we now in both cultural assumptions
and ideas and practices that circulate with or without self-consciousness
or intention? What are some good examples of the "post-postmodern"
in popular and high culture today? Music, media, film, TV,
video, art, photography, web? How is the current use of hybrid
media doing "theory by other means"? Readings
Hybridity and Globalization
- Homi Bhabha, from The
Location of Culture (read Introduction) (London,
New York: Routledge, 1994).
- Jan Nederveen Pieterse, Globalization and Culture: Global
Mélange (Rowman & Littlefield, 2003) (Excerpts: Intro | Chap.
3)
- Marwan Kraidy, Hybridity,
or the Cultural Logic of Globalization. (Philadelphia:
Temple University Press, 2005). Read Preface and Chapter
1. [good overview of issues from the point of view of international
communications]
A Way of Thinking about Post-postmodernism: Postproduction
Reading and Listening: Theory and Practice
Student Group Presentation and Wiki Contribution
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| 11 Mediology and Cultural Theory |
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Learning Objectives:
Having reviewed a variety of traditions of cultural theory, we
return to the question of media and communication theory after
postmodernism. Is there a way to move beyond replicating the
academic, institutionalized authorities
to a view that integrates the study of culture, technology,
social institutions, history, and economics? Debray proposes
a new point of view that takes for granted the intellectual
traditions of the modern and postmodern eras, but doesn't get
stuck in any of them. Mediology looks for what's
left out in traditional disciplinary views and subject matter.
What are the heuristic and self-reflexive possibilities of
mediology for current and future studies of culture, media,
and technology? How does mediology continue, extend, or critique other theory traditions
we have examined: communication theory, semiotics/semiology, post-modernism?
Readings
- Regis Debray, "What
is Mediology?" Le Monde Diplomatique, Aug., 1999.
Trans. Martin Irvine.
- Jean Gagnon, "Introduction to Mediology," The Daniel Langlois Foundation for Art,
Science, and Technology, Montreal.
- Interview
with Debray, Wired Magazine, Jan. 1995.
- Debray, Media Manifestos, pp. 1-40; 69-79; 97-107; Tables,
171-174. Chap.
1 in pdf.
- Debray, Transmitting
Culture, trans. Eric Rauth. New York: Columbia University
Press, 2000, (excerpts).
- Media Present and Future:
EPIC 2014
Resources and Sources
Working with Mediology
What questions to ask?
- Missed institutional embeddedness of media?
- Institutions of transmission?
- Media as memory systems?
- Mediaspheres and total, reconfigurable systems of media at any given
cultural moment?
- Hierarchies of media and technologies, cultural significance of various
media before content or information is conveyed?
- Is the technology of the medium separable from the meaning of the
content transmitted?
- Are ideologies separable from the material means (mediums) of transmission
(for example, religion, politics, class structures, identities, subjectivities);
that is, how is ideology interdependent with the material means of
communication, information, and transmission?
- What information is transmitted in the medium itself by its form
and social function?
Mediology Case Studies for discussion:
- The
Internet and Mediology: A Look at Our Current Mediasphere
- The Washington Mall: what is communi9cated and transmitted through this heavily encoded social space and institutional structures?
- TV Culture and Institutions
- The Fashion World and the Art World: institutions of transmission,
codes, mediation and media channels
- The Museum
- The University
Student Group Presentation
and Wiki Contribution
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| 12 Sex and Sexuality, Feminism, and Gender Studies |
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Learning Objectives:
The investigation of the cultural bases of sex and gender has
been an important component of cultural studies and the study
of media, art, and communication. What are the foundational
approaches, and how are they used to construct arguments for
analysis of sex and gender as cultural formations? How has
feminist thought since 1980s provided methods of analysis for
the social and political critique of sexuality and gender? Readings
The Question of Sex, Gender, Sexuality, and the Sexed Human Body as Historically and Culturally Constructed
- Smith and Riley, chap. 15, esp. 252-261; chap. 16, 262-79.
- Foucault, History of Sexuality, Vol. 1
- Thomas Laqueur, Making
Sex (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1990) (selections
in pdf): Chaps.
1-2 (selection) | chap.
5 (selections) | chap.
6 (selections).
The Development of Theories of Sex and Gender in Feminist Studies after Foucault
Supplementary Reading: Critiques of Butler's Theory
Discussion Questions
- What are the main traditions of discourse for theorizing sex, gender, and sexuality?
- What are the consequences of Foucault's move to "put sex back into discourse"?
Student Group Presentation and Wiki Contribution
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| 13 PoMo Sexuality (and the Promise of Post-PoMo Sexuality) |
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Learning Objectives
This week we'll consider some
of the other ways sex, desire, and pleasure are played out, represented,
and practiced in the multiplicity of identities often termed "postmodern
sexuality." Is there an adequate cultural theory for multiplicity of
experiences, sexual identities, desires, and fantasies expressed today? While
the surface ideological battles about sex, desire, pleasure, and "heteronormativity" continue
in the public forum of partisan politics and mass media, many people
have been working out alternative practices, identities, fantasies,
and life styles.
What used to be underground is now more or
less mainstream; the outside is inside (and as Derrida has
shown, the excluded "outside" or projected "otherness" has
always already been inside but repressed and unacknowledged. Are we seeing
"the return of the repressed" (Freud), or a new space
of expression in the simultaneous advance of the multimedia
porn market, "sex
positive" feminism, and ways of imagining sexuality beyond
the received categories? How does cultural theory deal
with "the scandal of pleasure" and the multiplicity
of sexual and erotic desires and practices? Why is so much
public discourse obsessed with the regulation of sexual pleasure?
The elephants in the living room (or should we say bedroom?):
what everyone knows is there but walks around and tries to
avoid acknowledging or talking about.
Readings in Postmodern Sex and Gender Theory
- Gayle Rubin, "Thinking Sex," originally published in Pleasure and Danger (1984).
- Eve Sedgwick, "Axiomatic," Chap. 1 of Epistemology of the Closet (1990).
- Judith Butler, "Against Proper Objects," differences, 6 (1994). On the essentialist and binary debates haunting sex and gender theory.
- Judith Butler, "Critically
Queer," GLQ, 1993. [Important statement
of the "performative" theory of gender identity and the social
encoding of gender.]
- Donna Haraway, "A Cyborg Manifesto": Web
version. [An influential view of postmodern
sexuality and gender that uses the idea of the cyborg as a fantasy
worth embracing for sexuality identity.]
- Michael Uebel, "Toward
a Symptomology of Cyberporn," Theory
and Event, 2000. [An article that began in Uebel's course in
CCT in 1998. Of course, some of the porn references are outdated.]
- Daniel Bergner, "Female Desire: What do Women Want.," New York Times Magazine, Jan. 22, 2009.
"Sex-Positive Feminism":
a way to expose contradictions and disclose
repressions on all sides of the sex and gender debates
Sources
Evading the Panopticon: Other
sources and references on the Metapedia site
Student Group Presentation and Wiki Contribution
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| 14 Wiki Projects: Discussion and Presentations |
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