Robustness Checks
Sample
of World Bank Countries Only
Only
countries that at some point experienced UNCHR Resolution
Less
Stringent Definition of Shaming
Not
Logarithmically Transformed
Regression
that Includes the Year Before the Adoption of a UNCHR resolution (variable
help)
Random-effects ML regression Number of obs = 1548
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 84
Random effects u_i ~ Gaussian Obs per group: min = 4
avg = 18.4
max = 24
LR chi2(13) = 918.59
Log likelihood = -929.30006 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
BIPOP Coef. Std. Err. z P>z [95% Conf. Interval]
BIPOP
L1. .5913229 .0255464 23.15 0.000 .5412528 .641393
PUBRES .0294953 .062539 0.47 0.637 -.0930789 .1520695
HRIGHTS
D1. -.0193743 .0173447 -1.12 0.264 -.0533693 .0146208
L1. -.0087878 .0187519 -0.47 0.639 -.0455409 .0279653
CIVIL
D1. -.0065509 .0195636 -0.33 0.738 -.0448949 .031793
L1. -.0156439 .0126027 -1.24 0.214 -.0403447 .0090569
GDPPOP
L1. -.0230868 .0273001 -0.85 0.398 -.076594 .0304203
LNPOP
L1. -.1697114 .0261519 -6.49 0.000 -.2209681 -.1184547
USAGREE
L1. -.3810333 .1511413 -2.52 0.012 -.6772648 -.0848017
WAR -.0506737 .0350255 -1.45 0.148 -.1193225 .0179751
CAPAB -.5077303 .4055382 -1.25 0.211 -1.302571 .2871099
linear -.0053508 .0011397 -4.69 0.000 -.0075846 -.003117
quad .0001031 .0000881 1.17 0.242 -.0000696 .0002757
_cons 4.455095 .5244602 8.49 0.000 3.427172 5.483018
/sigma_u .231234 .0302043 .1790052 .2987017
/sigma_e .4197828 .0079599 .4044681 .4356775
rho .2327917 .0483742 .1492088 .3374124
Likelihood-ratio test of sigma_u=0: chibar2(01)= 53.85 Prob>=chibar2 = 0.000
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel replace
.
.
. xtreg MUPOP l.MUPOP PUBRES d.HRIGHTS l.HRIGHTS d.CIVIL l.CIVIL l.GDPPOP l.LNPOP l.USAGREE WAR CAPAB linear quad , mle i(CCODE)
Fitting constant-only model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -2550.7241
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -2138.4832
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -1956.9306
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -1880.5742
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -1848.848
Iteration 5: log likelihood = -1837.8581
Iteration 6: log likelihood = -1835.4136
Iteration 7: log likelihood = -1835.2039
Iteration 8: log likelihood = -1835.2015
Fitting full model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -1568.0168
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -1548.9685
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -1547.195
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -1547.1852
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -1547.1852
Random-effects ML regression Number of obs = 1548
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 84
Random effects u_i ~ Gaussian Obs per group: min = 4
avg = 18.4
max = 24
LR chi2(13) = 576.03
Log likelihood = -1547.1852 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
MUPOP Coef. Std. Err. z P>z [95% Conf. Interval]
MUPOP
L1. .4294259 .0271678 15.81 0.000 .3761781 .4826737
PUBRES -.2289996 .0915431 -2.50 0.012 -.4084209 -.0495784
HRIGHTS
D1. .0118401 .0259432 0.46 0.648 -.0390076 .0626878
L1. -.0075861 .0277188 -0.27 0.784 -.0619141 .0467418
CIVIL
D1. .0151407 .0292915 0.52 0.605 -.0422696 .072551
L1. .0198902 .0182777 1.09 0.276 -.0159335 .0557138
GDPPOP
L1. -.2522468 .0391429 -6.44 0.000 -.3289654 -.1755281
LNPOP
L1. -.3080473 .0340447 -9.05 0.000 -.3747737 -.2413209
USAGREE
L1. .3508426 .2208645 1.59 0.112 -.0820438 .783729
WAR -.0822254 .051827 -1.59 0.113 -.1838043 .0193536
CAPAB -.0465294 .5240722 -0.09 0.929 -1.073692 .9806332
linear -.0020552 .0016279 -1.26 0.207 -.0052458 .0011355
quad -.0003514 .000132 -2.66 0.008 -.0006101 -.0000927
_cons 7.936859 .6839569 11.60 0.000 6.596328 9.277389
/sigma_u .2877119 .0347576 .2270527 .3645767
/sigma_e .6308252 .0117974 .6081212 .6543767
rho .1721967 .0355322 .1115217 .2506121
Likelihood-ratio test of sigma_u=0: chibar2(01)= 76.01 Prob>=chibar2 = 0.000
Fixed-effects (within) regression Number of obs = 1548
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 84
R-sq: within = 0.3968 Obs per group: min = 4
between = 0.6896 avg = 18.4
overall = 0.6110 max = 24
F(13,1451) = 59.90
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.9335 Prob > F = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
BIPOP | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
BIPOP |
L1. | .4838974 .0272554 17.75 0.000 .4304331 .5373617
PUBRES | .0583649 .0665037 0.88 0.380 -.0720887 .1888186
HRIGHTS |
D1. | -.0245305 .0176124 -1.39 0.164 -.0590789 .010018
L1. | -.0195373 .0189384 -1.03 0.302 -.0566869 .0176123
CIVIL |
D1. | -.0052917 .0185912 -0.28 0.776 -.0417602 .0311768
L1. | -.0195648 .0145483 -1.34 0.179 -.0481027 .0089731
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.0823161 .0475029 -1.73 0.083 -.1754979 .0108657
LNPOP |
L1. | -1.033554 .2635181 -3.92 0.000 -1.550472 -.5166372
USAGREE |
L1. | -.492723 .1654176 -2.98 0.003 -.8172063 -.1682397
WAR | -.0662455 .0371572 -1.78 0.075 -.1391332 .0066421
CAPAB | -1.742526 1.809808 -0.96 0.336 -5.292646 1.807594
linear | .0035653 .0037492 0.95 0.342 -.0037891 .0109196
quad | .0000835 .0000958 0.87 0.384 -.0001044 .0002714
_cons | 19.07819 4.339276 4.40 0.000 10.56627 27.59012
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | 1.3490322
sigma_e | .41572266
rho | .91327135 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel replace
.
.
. xtreg MUPOP l.MUPOP PUBRES d.HRIGHTS l.HRIGHTS d.CIVIL l.CIVIL l.GDPPOP l.LNPOP l.USAGREE WAR CAPAB linear quad , fe i(CCODE)
> robust
Fixed-effects (within) regression Number of obs = 1548
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 84
R-sq: within = 0.2385 Obs per group: min = 4
between = 0.7748 avg = 18.4
overall = 0.6181 max = 24
F(13,1451) = 23.65
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.7498 Prob > F = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
MUPOP | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
MUPOP |
L1. | .3410703 .0311899 10.94 0.000 .2798882 .4022524
PUBRES | -.1761522 .1236265 -1.42 0.154 -.418658 .0663536
HRIGHTS |
D1. | .0045536 .0250379 0.18 0.856 -.0445607 .0536679
L1. | -.0226457 .0309252 -0.73 0.464 -.0833086 .0380171
CIVIL |
D1. | .0118897 .0301695 0.39 0.694 -.0472908 .0710701
L1. | .0138939 .0215649 0.64 0.519 -.0284078 .0561956
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.2453977 .0836624 -2.93 0.003 -.4095099 -.0812856
LNPOP |
L1. | -.8122079 .4210143 -1.93 0.054 -1.63807 .0136539
USAGREE |
L1. | .2381294 .2757397 0.86 0.388 -.3027617 .7790206
WAR | -.0922361 .055634 -1.66 0.098 -.2013678 .0168957
CAPAB | 1.509661 1.805267 0.84 0.403 -2.031551 5.050872
linear | .0015715 .0060143 0.26 0.794 -.0102262 .0133692
quad | -.0003701 .0001683 -2.20 0.028 -.0007003 -.0000399
_cons | 16.24981 6.964306 2.33 0.020 2.588623 29.91099
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | .7480007
sigma_e | .62923104
rho | .58560135 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
Random-effects ML regression Number of obs = 576
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 29
Random effects u_i ~ Gaussian Obs per group: min = 4
avg = 19.9
max = 24
LR chi2(8) = 1024.84
Log likelihood = -458.55414 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BIPOP | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
BIPOP |
L1. | .6273513 .0467649 13.41 0.000 .5356937 .7190088
PUBRES | -.0626753 .063759 -0.98 0.326 -.1876407 .0622901
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.0065658 .0478205 -0.14 0.891 -.1002923 .0871607
LNPOP |
L1. | -.2199778 .0627823 -3.50 0.000 -.3430289 -.0969268
USAGREE |
L1. | .0369811 .2910604 0.13 0.899 -.5334868 .607449
WAR | -.006328 .0584985 -0.11 0.914 -.120983 .1083269
linear | -.0008339 .0022636 -0.37 0.713 -.0052704 .0036027
quad | -.0000326 .0001777 -0.18 0.854 -.0003809 .0003156
_cons | 4.734085 1.160192 4.08 0.000 2.460151 7.00802
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
/sigma_u | .3732862 .085063 .2388215 .5834591
/sigma_e | .5048085 .0158314 .4747139 .536811
rho | .353505 .1081947 .1719896 .5771401
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Likelihood-ratio test of sigma_u=0: chibar2(01)= 8.54 Prob>=chibar2 = 0.002
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel replace
.
.
. xtreg MUPOP l.MUPOP PUBRES l.GDPPOP l.LNPOP l.USAGREE WAR linear quad , mle i(CCODE)
Fitting constant-only model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -1092.4872
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -943.54088
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -796.4709
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -744.68261
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -729.62929
Iteration 5: log likelihood = -725.26179
Iteration 6: log likelihood = -724.2484
Iteration 7: log likelihood = -724.14941
Iteration 8: log likelihood = -724.14791
Iteration 9: log likelihood = -724.14791
Fitting full model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -594.7561
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -589.74651
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -588.68326
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -588.66828
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -588.66828
Random-effects ML regression Number of obs = 571
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 29
Random effects u_i ~ Gaussian Obs per group: min = 4
avg = 19.7
max = 24
LR chi2(8) = 270.96
Log likelihood = -588.66828 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MUPOP | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
MUPOP |
L1. | .5386352 .0435216 12.38 0.000 .4533344 .623936
PUBRES | -.2304289 .0793532 -2.90 0.004 -.3859584 -.0748994
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.2194746 .0520724 -4.21 0.000 -.3215346 -.1174146
LNPOP |
L1. | -.2882941 .056228 -5.13 0.000 -.3984989 -.1780893
USAGREE |
L1. | -.1443479 .3581872 -0.40 0.687 -.846382 .5576861
WAR | -.1494266 .0737181 -2.03 0.043 -.2939115 -.0049417
linear | -.0020569 .0027603 -0.75 0.456 -.0074671 .0033533
quad | -.0002017 .0002302 -0.88 0.381 -.0006529 .0002495
_cons | 7.308105 1.101566 6.63 0.000 5.149076 9.467133
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
/sigma_u | .2930524 .0669555 .187269 .4585901
/sigma_e | .6521685 .0202192 .6137197 .6930261
rho | .1679951 .0659168 .069896 .3271956
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Likelihood-ratio test of sigma_u=0: chibar2(01)= 17.92 Prob>=chibar2 = 0.000
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel append
.
. xtreg WBPOP l.WBPOP PUBRES dl.GDPPOP l.LNPOP l.USAGREE WAR linear quad , mle i(CCODE)
Fitting constant-only model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -543.7396
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -519.04217
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -510.73615
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -508.21243
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -507.71671
Iteration 5: log likelihood = -507.68274
Iteration 6: log likelihood = -507.68249
Fitting full model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -486.52605
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -480.53365
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -478.24417
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -478.1881
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -478.18805
Random-effects ML regression Number of obs = 358
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 21
Random effects u_i ~ Gaussian Obs per group: min = 3
avg = 17.0
max = 23
LR chi2(8) = 58.99
Log likelihood = -478.18805 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WBPOP | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
WBPOP |
L1. | .3159033 .0549262 5.75 0.000 .2082499 .4235567
PUBRES | -.2152157 .1375322 -1.56 0.118 -.4847738 .0543424
GDPPOP |
LD. | -.0568859 .2892597 -0.20 0.844 -.6238245 .5100526
LNPOP |
L1. | -.1478367 .1005619 -1.47 0.142 -.3449345 .0492611
USAGREE |
L1. | .0733713 .645285 0.11 0.909 -1.191364 1.338107
WAR | -.3216812 .1231396 -2.61 0.009 -.5630304 -.0803321
linear | .0003995 .0051572 0.08 0.938 -.0097084 .0105074
quad | -.0001327 .000431 -0.31 0.758 -.0009775 .0007122
_cons | 3.253985 1.657682 1.96 0.050 .0049891 6.502981
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
/sigma_u | .5109419 .1138093 .3301957 .7906272
/sigma_e | .8718115 .0339878 .8076781 .9410374
rho | .2556628 .0877989 .1166408 .4516073
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Likelihood-ratio test of sigma_u=0: chibar2(01)= 26.20 Prob>=chibar2 = 0.000
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel append
.
.
. xtreg BIPOP l.BIPOP PUBRES l.GDPPOP l.LNPOP l.USAGREE WAR linear quad , fe i(CCODE)robust
Fixed-effects (within) regression Number of obs = 576
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 29
R-sq: within = 0.3249 Obs per group: min = 4
between = 0.0262 avg = 19.9
overall = 0.0186 max = 24
F(8,539) = 23.98
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.4545 Prob > F = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
BIPOP | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
BIPOP |
L1. | .5146476 .0569791 9.03 0.000 .4027193 .6265759
PUBRES | -.0994497 .0650193 -1.53 0.127 -.227172 .0282726
GDPPOP |
L1. | .0285038 .0643287 0.44 0.658 -.0978619 .1548694
LNPOP |
L1. | .7192552 .5463205 1.32 0.189 -.3539231 1.792433
USAGREE |
L1. | -.2117786 .2433501 -0.87 0.385 -.6898094 .2662521
WAR | -.0251586 .0580015 -0.43 0.665 -.1390953 .0887781
linear | -.0132208 .0060024 -2.20 0.028 -.0250117 -.0014299
quad | .0000326 .000155 0.21 0.834 -.0002718 .000337
_cons | -10.16003 8.934186 -1.14 0.256 -27.71012 7.390065
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | 1.4692343
sigma_e | .50136789
rho | .89569802 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel replace
.
.
. xtreg MUPOP l.MUPOP PUBRES l.GDPPOP l.LNPOP l.USAGREE WAR linear quad , fe i(CCODE) robust
Fixed-effects (within) regression Number of obs = 571
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 29
R-sq: within = 0.3150 Obs per group: min = 4
between = 0.8623 avg = 19.7
overall = 0.6769 max = 24
F(8,534) = 17.88
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0.6372 Prob > F = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
MUPOP | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
MUPOP |
L1. | .4451484 .0481214 9.25 0.000 .3506179 .539679
PUBRES | -.2157095 .0920426 -2.34 0.019 -.3965195 -.0348994
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.1942097 .1204906 -1.61 0.108 -.4309034 .0424841
LNPOP |
L1. | .0242282 .9452591 0.03 0.980 -1.832654 1.881111
USAGREE |
L1. | -.0857355 .4768226 -0.18 0.857 -1.022414 .8509427
WAR | -.1841043 .0804426 -2.29 0.022 -.3421269 -.0260816
linear | -.0079344 .0117097 -0.68 0.498 -.0309371 .0150683
quad | -.0002637 .000312 -0.85 0.398 -.0008765 .0003492
_cons | 2.326705 15.63411 0.15 0.882 -28.38519 33.0386
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | .68606318
sigma_e | .65085482
rho | .52631721 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel append
.
. xtreg WBPOP l.WBPOP PUBRES l.GDPPOP l.LNPOP l.USAGREE WAR linear quad , fe i(CCODE) robust
Fixed-effects (within) regression Number of obs = 376
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 21
R-sq: within = 0.1383 Obs per group: min = 4
between = 0.4119 avg = 17.9
overall = 0.2518 max = 24
F(8,347) = 5.90
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.5507 Prob > F = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
WBPOP | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
WBPOP |
L1. | .2416877 .0687938 3.51 0.001 .1063824 .376993
PUBRES | -.1679106 .1240009 -1.35 0.177 -.4117986 .0759774
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.3029035 .1576974 -1.92 0.056 -.6130665 .0072595
LNPOP |
L1. | -.6234664 1.192937 -0.52 0.602 -2.969764 1.722831
USAGREE |
L1. | -.1126849 .6432622 -0.18 0.861 -1.377868 1.152499
WAR | -.4372016 .1117595 -3.91 0.000 -.6570128 -.2173904
linear | .0054806 .0125081 0.44 0.662 -.0191206 .0300819
quad | -.0001127 .0003122 -0.36 0.718 -.0007268 .0005014
_cons | 12.9695 19.60207 0.66 0.509 -25.58431 51.52331
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | .82113652
sigma_e | .8716575
rho | .47018183 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
---------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
BIPOP | Coef. Std.
Err. t
P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
BIPOP |
L1. |
.5201986 .0249766 20.83
0.000 .4712231 .5691741
PUBRES |
-.061321 .0583773 -1.05
0.294 -.1757906 .0531486
linear
| -.006011 .0008539
-7.04 0.000 -.0076853
-.0043367
quad
| -.0001342 .0000624
-2.15 0.032 -.0002565
-.0000119
_cons | 1.530168 .0838751 18.24 0.000 1.365701 1.694635
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | .58903443
sigma_e | .54471679
rho | .53902975 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel replace
.
.
. xtreg MUPOP l.MUPOP PUBRES linear quad , fe i(CCODE) robust
Fixed-effects (within) regression Number of obs = 2779
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 134
R-sq: within = 0.1726 Obs per group: min = 4
between = 0.9640 avg = 20.7
overall = 0.6308 max = 24
F(4,2641) = 90.51
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0.7652 Prob > F = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
MUPOP | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
MUPOP |
L1. | .3279964 .0267622 12.26 0.000 .2755194 .3804734
PUBRES | -.1865871 .0733649 -2.54 0.011 -.3304457 -.0427285
linear | -.0105201 .0011583 -9.08 0.000 -.0127913 -.008249
quad | -.0001423 .0000861 -1.65 0.099 -.0003112 .0000265
_cons | 1.690118 .0720773 23.45 0.000 1.548784 1.831452
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | .8700328
sigma_e | .72962067
rho | .58710547 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel append
.
. xtreg WBPOP l.WBPOP PUBRES linear quad , fe i(CCODE) robust
Fixed-effects (within) regression Number of obs = 1757
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 92
R-sq: within = 0.0098 Obs per group: min = 4
between = 0.6422 avg = 19.1
overall = 0.1599 max = 24
F(4,1661) = 4.29
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0.4995 Prob > F = 0.0019
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
WBPOP | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
WBPOP |
L1. | .069536 .0329832 2.11 0.035 .004843 .1342291
PUBRES | -.320101 .1056711 -3.03 0.002 -.5273636 -.1128384
linear | -.001756 .0018894 -0.93 0.353 -.0054618 .0019498
quad | -.0000895 .0001503 -0.60 0.552 -.0003843 .0002053
_cons | 1.14548 .0580769 19.72 0.000 1.031568 1.259391
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | .85914904
sigma_e | 1.0438248
rho | .40385956 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel append
.
end of do-file
.
. xtreg BIPOP l.BIPOP PUBRES d.HRIGHTS l.HRIGHTS d.CIVIL l.CIVIL l.GDPPOP l.LNPOP l.USAGREE WAR CAPAB COL RIVAL linear quad , ml
> e i(CCODE)
Fitting constant-only model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -3530.04
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -2764.1825
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -2484.2435
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -2413.1399
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -2404.8861
Iteration 5: log likelihood = -2404.704
Iteration 6: log likelihood = -2404.7039
Fitting full model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -1221.9045
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -1210.2184
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -1197.684
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -1194.347
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -1189.0805
Iteration 5: log likelihood = -1188.5579
Iteration 6: log likelihood = -1188.5468
Iteration 7: log likelihood = -1188.5468
Random-effects ML regression Number of obs = 1518
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 115
Random effects u_i ~ Gaussian Obs per group: min = 4
avg = 13.2
max = 15
LR chi2(15) = 2432.31
Log likelihood = -1188.5468 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BIPOP | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
BIPOP |
L1. | .5005377 .0295899 16.92 0.000 .4425426 .5585328
PUBRES | -.1365498 .0756118 -1.81 0.071 -.2847461 .0116466
HRIGHTS |
D1. | -.012814 .0211018 -0.61 0.544 -.0541728 .0285448
L1. | .0211111 .0245202 0.86 0.389 -.0269477 .0691699
CIVIL |
D1. | -.0328182 .0232646 -1.41 0.158 -.0784161 .0127796
L1. | -.0142589 .0163076 -0.87 0.382 -.0462212 .0177034
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.1514736 .0303406 -4.99 0.000 -.2109401 -.0920071
LNPOP |
L1. | -.173321 .0353962 -4.90 0.000 -.2426963 -.1039456
USAGREE |
L1. | -.0550489 .2155479 -0.26 0.798 -.477515 .3674172
WAR | -.1168866 .0436364 -2.68 0.007 -.2024124 -.0313609
CAPAB | -1.008581 .6430656 -1.57 0.117 -2.268967 .2518041
RIVAL | .0071601 .0540464 0.13 0.895 -.0987688 .1130891
linear | -.018156 .0044839 -4.05 0.000 -.0269444 -.0093676
quad | .0005501 .0001917 2.87 0.004 .0001745 .0009258
_cons | 5.449624 .6820868 7.99 0.000 4.112758 6.786489
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
/sigma_u | .3967993 .0428949 .3210362 .4904421
/sigma_e | .4862917 .0095846 .4678644 .5054448
rho | .3996902 .0548282 .2972397 .5095968
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Likelihood-ratio test of sigma_u=0: chibar2(01)= 71.25 Prob>=chibar2 = 0.000
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel replace
.
end of do-file
. do "C:\DOCUME~1\Faculty\LOCALS~1\Temp\STD02000000.tmp"
.
.
. xtreg MUPOP l.MUPOP PUBRES d.HRIGHTS l.HRIGHTS d.CIVIL l.CIVIL l.GDPPOP l.LNPOP l.USAGREE WAR CAPAB COL RIVAL linear quad , ml
> e i(CCODE)
Fitting constant-only model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -2762.4279
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -2155.8421
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -2001.0616
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -1935.7452
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -1910.9612
Iteration 5: log likelihood = -1904.039
Iteration 6: log likelihood = -1903.0651
Iteration 7: log likelihood = -1903.0332
Iteration 8: log likelihood = -1903.0332
Fitting full model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -1729.3179
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -1722.7437
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -1702.626
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -1701.301
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -1701.2959
Iteration 5: log likelihood = -1701.2959
Random-effects ML regression Number of obs = 1507
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 115
Random effects u_i ~ Gaussian Obs per group: min = 4
avg = 13.1
max = 15
LR chi2(15) = 403.47
Log likelihood = -1701.2959 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MUPOP | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
MUPOP |
L1. | .3719859 .0300608 12.37 0.000 .3130678 .430904
PUBRES | -.4044397 .1054236 -3.84 0.000 -.6110661 -.1978133
HRIGHTS |
D1. | .0260756 .0301771 0.86 0.388 -.0330704 .0852217
L1. | .0352322 .0342035 1.03 0.303 -.0318055 .10227
CIVIL |
D1. | .0281462 .0331609 0.85 0.396 -.0368479 .0931403
L1. | -.0111621 .0220249 -0.51 0.612 -.0543301 .0320059
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.3673699 .0381161 -9.64 0.000 -.4420761 -.2926637
LNPOP |
L1. | -.315972 .0413695 -7.64 0.000 -.3970548 -.2348892
USAGREE |
L1. | .0810439 .3010573 0.27 0.788 -.5090176 .6711054
WAR | -.1084915 .0616145 -1.76 0.078 -.2292537 .0122707
CAPAB | -.0690136 .7165547 -0.10 0.923 -1.473435 1.335408
RIVAL | .0588211 .0711818 0.83 0.409 -.0806927 .198335
linear | -.0025481 .0063523 -0.40 0.688 -.0149984 .0099023
quad | -.000348 .0002785 -1.25 0.211 -.0008937 .0001978
_cons | 8.940245 .8210136 10.89 0.000 7.331088 10.5494
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
/sigma_u | .4211422 .0455361 .3407158 .5205532
/sigma_e | .7008515 .0136877 .6745312 .7281989
rho | .2652902 .0442937 .1861914 .3585933
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Likelihood-ratio test of sigma_u=0: chibar2(01)= 77.20 Prob>=chibar2 = 0.000
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel append
.
. xtreg WBPOP l.WBPOP PUBRES d.HRIGHTS l.HRIGHTS d.CIVIL l.CIVIL l.GDPPOP l.LNPOP l.USAGREE WAR CAPAB COL RIVAL linear quad , ml
> e i(CCODE)
Fitting constant-only model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -1596.7332
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -1551.0246
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -1480.779
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -1469.1932
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -1468.6316
Iteration 5: log likelihood = -1468.6286
Fitting full model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -1449.3471
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -1434.9083
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -1431.3857
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -1431.3349
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -1431.3349
Random-effects ML regression Number of obs = 1008
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 82
Random effects u_i ~ Gaussian Obs per group: min = 1
avg = 12.3
max = 15
LR chi2(15) = 74.59
Log likelihood = -1431.3349 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WBPOP | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
WBPOP |
L1. | .1422395 .0364987 3.90 0.000 .0707034 .2137757
PUBRES | -.3953333 .1775091 -2.23 0.026 -.7432447 -.047422
HRIGHTS |
D1. | .0033466 .0493759 0.07 0.946 -.0934284 .1001216
L1. | -.0160305 .0551925 -0.29 0.771 -.1242059 .0921448
CIVIL |
D1. | .0449543 .0536615 0.84 0.402 -.0602203 .150129
L1. | .0610018 .0359002 1.70 0.089 -.0093613 .1313648
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.4818784 .077852 -6.19 0.000 -.6344654 -.3292913
LNPOP |
L1. | -.1441732 .0591877 -2.44 0.015 -.260179 -.0281675
USAGREE |
L1. | 1.562944 .5213214 3.00 0.003 .5411728 2.584715
WAR | -.1462519 .1006397 -1.45 0.146 -.3435021 .0509984
CAPAB | -1.126208 .9530067 -1.18 0.237 -2.994067 .7416505
RIVAL | .1689062 .1160406 1.46 0.146 -.0585292 .3963416
linear | -.0104447 .0109397 -0.95 0.340 -.0318862 .0109968
quad | .0002495 .0004593 0.54 0.587 -.0006507 .0011498
_cons | 5.850654 1.195065 4.90 0.000 3.508371 8.192938
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
/sigma_u | .5283406 .0672082 .4117522 .6779412
/sigma_e | .9399749 .0223839 .8971113 .9848866
rho | .2400831 .0487744 .1554142 .3450993
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Likelihood-ratio test of sigma_u=0: chibar2(01)= 58.51 Prob>=chibar2 = 0.000
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel append
.
.
. xtreg BIPOP l.BIPOP PUBRES d.HRIGHTS l.HRIGHTS d.CIVIL l.CIVIL l.GDPPOP l.LNPOP l.USAGREE WAR CAPAB COL RIVAL linear quad , fe
> i(CCODE)robust
Fixed-effects (within) regression Number of obs = 1518
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 115
R-sq: within = 0.2558 Obs per group: min = 4
between = 0.5139 avg = 13.2
overall = 0.4883 max = 15
F(14,1389) = 30.34
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.4880 Prob > F = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
BIPOP | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
BIPOP |
L1. | .3453778 .0380049 9.09 0.000 .2708246 .4199309
PUBRES | -.1071032 .0939918 -1.14 0.255 -.2914844 .077278
HRIGHTS |
D1. | -.0147372 .0203822 -0.72 0.470 -.0547205 .025246
L1. | .0150831 .0257311 0.59 0.558 -.035393 .0655592
CIVIL |
D1. | -.0215772 .0217534 -0.99 0.321 -.0642502 .0210958
L1. | .0048722 .0174837 0.28 0.781 -.0294251 .0391694
GDPPOP |
L1. | .0055063 .058611 0.09 0.925 -.1094693 .1204819
LNPOP |
L1. | -.5582771 .4086796 -1.37 0.172 -1.359973 .2434187
USAGREE |
L1. | -.2319564 .2447487 -0.95 0.343 -.7120734 .2481606
WAR | -.1199696 .043374 -2.77 0.006 -.2050551 -.034884
CAPAB | -1.855225 2.251321 -0.82 0.410 -6.271582 2.561131
RIVAL | .0471466 .0511789 0.92 0.357 -.0532498 .1475429
linear | -.0176932 .0075131 -2.35 0.019 -.0324315 -.0029549
quad | .0005585 .0002013 2.77 0.006 .0001636 .0009535
_cons | 10.94846 6.581243 1.66 0.096 -1.961793 23.8587
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | .87792632
sigma_e | .47955648
rho | .77019312 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel replace
.
.
. xtreg MUPOP l.MUPOP PUBRES d.HRIGHTS l.HRIGHTS d.CIVIL l.CIVIL l.GDPPOP l.LNPOP l.USAGREE WAR CAPAB COL RIVAL linear quad , fe
> i(CCODE) robust
Fixed-effects (within) regression Number of obs = 1507
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 115
R-sq: within = 0.1519 Obs per group: min = 4
between = 0.3959 avg = 13.1
overall = 0.3516 max = 15
F(14,1378) = 13.83
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.9188 Prob > F = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
MUPOP | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
MUPOP |
L1. | .2204026 .0392622 5.61 0.000 .1433825 .2974227
PUBRES | -.4315153 .1260839 -3.42 0.001 -.6788524 -.1841782
HRIGHTS |
D1. | .0112416 .0276551 0.41 0.684 -.043009 .0654922
L1. | .0162593 .0368437 0.44 0.659 -.0560165 .088535
CIVIL |
D1. | .0437461 .0334985 1.31 0.192 -.0219674 .1094596
L1. | .0186555 .025718 0.73 0.468 -.0317952 .0691062
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.2007536 .0952445 -2.11 0.035 -.3875935 -.0139136
LNPOP |
L1. | -1.825498 .6510589 -2.80 0.005 -3.102671 -.5483239
USAGREE |
L1. | -.0324463 .3943406 -0.08 0.934 -.8060191 .7411266
WAR | -.0732403 .0662606 -1.11 0.269 -.2032227 .0567422
CAPAB | 1.283828 2.059819 0.62 0.533 -2.756892 5.324548
RIVAL | .0045474 .0849382 0.05 0.957 -.1620747 .1711696
linear | .0142376 .0109148 1.30 0.192 -.0071739 .035649
quad | -.0005887 .0002977 -1.98 0.048 -.0011728 -4.61e-06
_cons | 32.03027 10.50835 3.05 0.002 11.41617 52.64436
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | 2.3259635
sigma_e | .69112941
rho | .91887248 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel append
.
. xtreg WBPOP l.WBPOP PUBRES d.HRIGHTS l.HRIGHTS d.CIVIL l.CIVIL l.GDPPOP l.LNPOP l.USAGREE WAR CAPAB COL RIVAL linear quad , f
> e i(CCODE) robust
Fixed-effects (within) regression Number of obs = 1008
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 82
R-sq: within = 0.0200 Obs per group: min = 1
between = 0.0474 avg = 12.3
overall = 0.0256 max = 15
F(14,912) = 1.89
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.9005 Prob > F = 0.0245
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
WBPOP | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
WBPOP |
L1. | .0174182 .0457046 0.38 0.703 -.0722802 .1071165
PUBRES | -.1024669 .1678425 -0.61 0.542 -.4318693 .2269356
HRIGHTS |
D1. | .0054787 .0525124 0.10 0.917 -.0975804 .1085378
L1. | -.004496 .0618122 -0.07 0.942 -.1258067 .1168148
CIVIL |
D1. | .0593721 .058729 1.01 0.312 -.0558875 .1746318
L1. | .0736831 .0462452 1.59 0.111 -.0170763 .1644426
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.1476001 .1433069 -1.03 0.303 -.4288497 .1336495
LNPOP |
L1. | 1.069896 1.091286 0.98 0.327 -1.071827 3.211619
USAGREE |
L1. | .5161871 .5577827 0.93 0.355 -.5784996 1.610874
WAR | -.1262109 .1123751 -1.12 0.262 -.3467549 .094333
CAPAB | .5453201 2.796932 0.19 0.845 -4.943851 6.034491
RIVAL | .0010979 .1777377 0.01 0.995 -.3477246 .3499204
linear | -.0322317 .0200403 -1.61 0.108 -.0715623 .0070988
quad | .0004775 .0005011 0.95 0.341 -.0005059 .001461
_cons | -15.20634 17.60186 -0.86 0.388 -49.75121 19.33852
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | 2.1332123
sigma_e | .9335127
rho | .83927713 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
Random-effects ML regression Number of obs = 2324
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 118
Random effects u_i ~ Gaussian Obs per group: min = 4
avg = 19.7
max = 24
LR chi2(13) = 1108.19
Log likelihood = -1790.815 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BIPOP | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
BIPOP |
L1. | .554355 .0216593 25.59 0.000 .5119035 .5968065
PUBRES | -.0027784 .0656392 -0.04 0.966 -.1314289 .1258722
HRIGHTS |
D1. | -.0380196 .0167464 -2.27 0.023 -.0708418 -.0051973
L1. | -.0195023 .0178239 -1.09 0.274 -.0544365 .0154319
CIVIL |
D1. | -.0160492 .0193768 -0.83 0.408 -.0540271 .0219287
L1. | -.0211436 .0127202 -1.66 0.096 -.0460747 .0037874
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.1065845 .0250979 -4.25 0.000 -.1557755 -.0573934
LNPOP |
L1. | -.1609539 .03084 -5.22 0.000 -.2213992 -.1005085
USAGREE |
L1. | -.1268544 .1448165 -0.88 0.381 -.4106896 .1569808
WAR | -.088721 .0344021 -2.58 0.010 -.156148 -.0212941
CAPAB | -.7611984 .6048036 -1.26 0.208 -1.946592 .424195
linear | -.0049632 .0011127 -4.46 0.000 -.007144 -.0027825
quad | -.0000438 .0000854 -0.51 0.607 -.0002112 .0001235
_cons | 4.886358 .5678396 8.61 0.000 3.773413 5.999303
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
/sigma_u | .3836965 .0381916 .3156914 .466351
/sigma_e | .4907658 .0075684 .4761539 .505826
rho | .3793683 .0486019 .2886104 .4773396
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Likelihood-ratio test of sigma_u=0: chibar2(01)= 107.19 Prob>=chibar2 = 0.000
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel replace
.
.
. xtreg MUPOP l.MUPOP PUBRES d.HRIGHTS l.HRIGHTS d.CIVIL l.CIVIL l.GDPPOP l.LNPOP l.USAGREE WAR CAPAB linear quad , mle i(CCODE)
Fitting constant-only model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -4108.8446
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -3488.9738
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -3072.8387
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -2926.5634
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -2876.3486
Iteration 5: log likelihood = -2859.2329
Iteration 6: log likelihood = -2855.2026
Iteration 7: log likelihood = -2854.8125
Iteration 8: log likelihood = -2854.8067
Iteration 9: log likelihood = -2854.8067
Fitting full model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -2506.5189
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -2480.862
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -2478.4754
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -2478.4672
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -2478.4672
Random-effects ML regression Number of obs = 2308
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 118
Random effects u_i ~ Gaussian Obs per group: min = 4
avg = 19.6
max = 24
LR chi2(13) = 752.68
Log likelihood = -2478.4672 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MUPOP | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
MUPOP |
L1. | .4446083 .0227267 19.56 0.000 .4000649 .4891518
PUBRES | -.0189988 .0911382 -0.21 0.835 -.1976265 .1596288
HRIGHTS |
D1. | .0061441 .022957 0.27 0.789 -.0388507 .0511389
L1. | -.0045784 .0236374 -0.19 0.846 -.0509069 .0417501
CIVIL |
D1. | -.0016194 .0264869 -0.06 0.951 -.0535327 .0502939
L1. | -.0238082 .0161022 -1.48 0.139 -.055368 .0077516
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.3228577 .0282621 -11.42 0.000 -.3782505 -.267465
LNPOP |
L1. | -.2866357 .0305342 -9.39 0.000 -.3464817 -.2267898
USAGREE |
L1. | .2115423 .1917496 1.10 0.270 -.1642799 .5873645
WAR | -.1202648 .0463375 -2.60 0.009 -.2110846 -.029445
CAPAB | .0813402 .564865 0.14 0.886 -1.025775 1.188455
linear | -.0031838 .0014142 -2.25 0.024 -.0059556 -.0004119
quad | -.0002693 .0001178 -2.29 0.022 -.0005001 -.0000386
_cons | 8.137274 .5959992 13.65 0.000 6.969137 9.305411
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
/sigma_u | .3274148 .0367864 .2627013 .4080697
/sigma_e | .6787235 .0104913 .6584693 .6996007
rho | .1887777 .0355615 .1270851 .2661364
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Likelihood-ratio test of sigma_u=0: chibar2(01)= 94.43 Prob>=chibar2 = 0.000
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel append
.
. xtreg WBPOP l.WBPOP PUBRES d.HRIGHTS l.HRIGHTS d.CIVIL l.CIVIL l.GDPPOP l.LNPOP l.USAGREE WAR CAPAB linear quad , mle i(CCODE)
Fitting constant-only model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -2385.8294
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -2297.1104
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -2267.7496
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -2259.1281
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -2257.5564
Iteration 5: log likelihood = -2257.4647
Iteration 6: log likelihood = -2257.4642
Fitting full model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -2221.7323
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -2200.167
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -2198.6724
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -2198.6679
Random-effects ML regression Number of obs = 1548
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 84
Random effects u_i ~ Gaussian Obs per group: min = 4
avg = 18.4
max = 24
LR chi2(13) = 117.59
Log likelihood = -2198.6679 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WBPOP | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
WBPOP |
L1. | .1691004 .027759 6.09 0.000 .1146938 .223507
PUBRES | .0812458 .1537675 0.53 0.597 -.2201328 .3826245
HRIGHTS |
D1. | -.0352037 .0390772 -0.90 0.368 -.1117936 .0413861
L1. | -.0739164 .0409678 -1.80 0.071 -.1542118 .0063789
CIVIL |
D1. | -.0011284 .0445302 -0.03 0.980 -.088406 .0861492
L1. | .0345426 .0281341 1.23 0.220 -.0205991 .0896843
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.4613457 .0631468 -7.31 0.000 -.5851111 -.3375802
LNPOP |
L1. | -.0743226 .0493398 -1.51 0.132 -.1710268 .0223815
USAGREE |
L1. | 1.015067 .3420577 2.97 0.003 .3446464 1.685488
WAR | -.2261823 .0792501 -2.85 0.004 -.3815097 -.0708549
CAPAB | -1.100677 .8637201 -1.27 0.203 -2.793537 .5921833
linear | .009654 .0025366 3.81 0.000 .0046823 .0146256
quad | -.0005873 .0002006 -2.93 0.003 -.0009804 -.0001941
_cons | 4.864568 .9466766 5.14 0.000 3.009116 6.72002
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
/sigma_u | .4815552 .0562802 .3829699 .6055186
/sigma_e | .9569151 .0179073 .9224532 .9926644
rho | .2020731 .0389227 .134569 .2865714
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Likelihood-ratio test of sigma_u=0: chibar2(01)= 95.19 Prob>=chibar2 = 0.000
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel append
.
.
. xtreg BIPOP l.BIPOP PUBRES d.HRIGHTS l.HRIGHTS d.CIVIL l.CIVIL l.GDPPOP l.LNPOP l.USAGREE WAR CAPAB linear quad , fe i(CCODE)r
> obust
Fixed-effects (within) regression Number of obs = 2324
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 118
R-sq: within = 0.3386 Obs per group: min = 4
between = 0.5163 avg = 19.7
overall = 0.4750 max = 24
F(13,2193) = 72.43
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.7715 Prob > F = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
BIPOP | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
BIPOP |
L1. | .4488197 .0270572 16.59 0.000 .3957593 .5018801
PUBRES | -.0054702 .051986 -0.11 0.916 -.1074171 .0964768
HRIGHTS |
D1. | -.0413147 .0165125 -2.50 0.012 -.0736965 -.0089329
L1. | -.0268737 .0180428 -1.49 0.137 -.0622564 .008509
CIVIL |
D1. | -.0084576 .0183268 -0.46 0.644 -.0443972 .027482
L1. | -.0093323 .0136659 -0.68 0.495 -.0361317 .0174671
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.0451519 .0390668 -1.16 0.248 -.1217636 .0314599
LNPOP |
L1. | -.8591031 .2143439 -4.01 0.000 -1.279441 -.4387648
USAGREE |
L1. | -.337171 .1536488 -2.19 0.028 -.6384834 -.0358586
WAR | -.1054438 .0337906 -3.12 0.002 -.1717087 -.0391789
CAPAB | -1.594073 1.880259 -0.85 0.397 -5.281348 2.093202
linear | .001107 .0030052 0.37 0.713 -.0047865 .0070004
quad | -.0000574 .0000871 -0.66 0.511 -.0002283 .0001135
_cons | 15.90808 3.529518 4.51 0.000 8.986536 22.82963
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | 1.2120308
sigma_e | .48612789
rho | .86142324 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel replace
.
.
. xtreg MUPOP l.MUPOP PUBRES d.HRIGHTS l.HRIGHTS d.CIVIL l.CIVIL l.GDPPOP l.LNPOP l.USAGREE WAR CAPAB linear quad , fe i(CCODE)
> robust
Fixed-effects (within) regression Number of obs = 2308
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 118
R-sq: within = 0.2176 Obs per group: min = 4
between = 0.5368 avg = 19.6
overall = 0.4531 max = 24
F(13,2177) = 32.06
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.7884 Prob > F = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
MUPOP | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
MUPOP |
L1. | .3324228 .0291496 11.40 0.000 .2752589 .3895867
PUBRES | -.0152761 .0993635 -0.15 0.878 -.2101333 .1795811
HRIGHTS |
D1. | .0001372 .0215785 0.01 0.995 -.0421794 .0424538
L1. | -.0099965 .0258408 -0.39 0.699 -.0606717 .0406788
CIVIL |
D1. | .0023609 .0272682 0.09 0.931 -.0511134 .0558353
L1. | -.0181998 .0188117 -0.97 0.333 -.0550905 .018691
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.1687765 .0594996 -2.84 0.005 -.2854585 -.0520946
LNPOP |
L1. | -1.114697 .3090868 -3.61 0.000 -1.720833 -.5085606
USAGREE |
L1. | .2642463 .237689 1.11 0.266 -.2018746 .7303673
WAR | -.1199793 .0476539 -2.52 0.012 -.2134312 -.0265274
CAPAB | 2.488311 1.67868 1.48 0.138 -.8036717 5.780294
linear | .0034692 .0044739 0.78 0.438 -.0053044 .0122429
quad | -.0003671 .0001453 -2.53 0.012 -.000652 -.0000822
_cons | 20.40566 5.082958 4.01 0.000 10.4377 30.37361
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | 1.2972767
sigma_e | .67009701
rho | .78938128 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel append
.
. xtreg WBPOP l.WBPOP PUBRES d.HRIGHTS l.HRIGHTS d.CIVIL l.CIVIL l.GDPPOP l.LNPOP l.USAGREE WAR CAPAB linear quad , fe i(CCODE)
> robust
Fixed-effects (within) regression Number of obs = 1548
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 84
R-sq: within = 0.0301 Obs per group: min = 4
between = 0.1995 avg = 18.4
overall = 0.1198 max = 24
F(13,1451) = 4.64
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0.0457 Prob > F = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
WBPOP | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
WBPOP |
L1. | .0913937 .0359725 2.54 0.011 .0208301 .1619573
PUBRES | .0816035 .1222793 0.67 0.505 -.1582597 .3214666
HRIGHTS |
D1. | -.035145 .0405004 -0.87 0.386 -.1145906 .0443006
L1. | -.0697652 .0431923 -1.62 0.106 -.1544912 .0149608
CIVIL |
D1. | -.0023541 .0468099 -0.05 0.960 -.0941764 .0894681
L1. | .0237856 .0340723 0.70 0.485 -.0430506 .0906218
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.2365246 .0958154 -2.47 0.014 -.4244762 -.0485731
LNPOP |
L1. | .2661859 .5779184 0.46 0.645 -.8674591 1.399831
USAGREE |
L1. | .4661282 .3591355 1.30 0.195 -.2383522 1.170608
WAR | -.2197009 .0817964 -2.69 0.007 -.3801528 -.0592491
CAPAB | -2.7472 2.035744 -1.35 0.177 -6.740515 1.246116
linear | .00002 .0078528 0.00 0.998 -.015384 .0154239
quad | -.0003934 .0002024 -1.94 0.052 -.0007904 3.55e-06
_cons | -1.645526 9.526043 -0.17 0.863 -20.33181 17.04076
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | .85610568
sigma_e | .95446489
rho | .44583487 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel append
Random-effects ML regression Number of obs = 2325
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 118
Random effects u_i ~ Gaussian Obs per group: min = 4
avg = 19.7
max = 24
LR chi2(13) = 882.49
Log likelihood = -1819.4049 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lnBI | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
lnBI |
L1. | .5425874 .0212017 25.59 0.000 .5010328 .5841419
PUBRES | -.0227746 .060209 -0.38 0.705 -.140782 .0952328
HRIGHTS |
D1. | -.0462876 .0169614 -2.73 0.006 -.0795314 -.0130437
L1. | -.0247835 .018434 -1.34 0.179 -.0609134 .0113464
CIVIL |
D1. | -.0159473 .0195862 -0.81 0.416 -.0543355 .0224409
L1. | -.0211518 .0129553 -1.63 0.103 -.0465438 .0042403
LNGDP |
L1. | -.10878 .0258281 -4.21 0.000 -.1594021 -.0581578
LNPOP |
L1. | .4609005 .3251119 1.42 0.156 -.176307 1.098108
LNPOP2 |
L1. | -.0025392 .0100487 -0.25 0.801 -.0222343 .0171558
USAGREE |
L1. | -.146184 .1466462 -1.00 0.319 -.4336053 .1412372
WAR | -.0781483 .034801 -2.25 0.025 -.146357 -.0099396
linear | -.0054806 .0011262 -4.87 0.000 -.007688 -.0032732
quad | -.0000211 .0000865 -0.24 0.807 -.0001905 .0001484
_cons | 4.713584 2.687457 1.75 0.079 -.5537357 9.980903
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
/sigma_u | .4091198 .0408657 .3363773 .4975931
/sigma_e | .495422 .0076482 .4806562 .5106413
rho | .4054509 .0499615 .3114141 .5053139
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Likelihood-ratio test of sigma_u=0: chibar2(01)= 123.76 Prob>=chibar2 = 0.000
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel replace
.
.
. xtreg lnMU l.lnMU PUBRES d.HRIGHTS l.HRIGHTS d.CIVIL l.CIVIL l.LNGDP l.LNPOP l.LNPOP2 l.USAGREE WAR linear quad , mle i(CCODE)
Fitting constant-only model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -4329.5786
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -4042.5896
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -3395.8427
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -3169.7002
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -3110.2256
Iteration 5: log likelihood = -3096.3471
Iteration 6: log likelihood = -3093.6592
Iteration 7: log likelihood = -3093.4656
Iteration 8: log likelihood = -3093.4641
Fitting full model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -2812.812
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -2788.5212
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -2786.3105
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -2786.3025
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -2786.3025
Random-effects ML regression Number of obs = 2300
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 118
Random effects u_i ~ Gaussian Obs per group: min = 4
avg = 19.5
max = 24
LR chi2(13) = 614.32
Log likelihood = -2786.3025 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lnMU | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
lnMU |
L1. | .4543218 .0227294 19.99 0.000 .4097729 .4988706
PUBRES | -.2830492 .0906321 -3.12 0.002 -.4606848 -.1054136
HRIGHTS |
D1. | .0061359 .0264259 0.23 0.816 -.0456579 .0579298
L1. | .0165811 .0279051 0.59 0.552 -.0381119 .071274
CIVIL |
D1. | .0090959 .0304698 0.30 0.765 -.0506238 .0688156
L1. | -.0325862 .0185394 -1.76 0.079 -.0689228 .0037504
LNGDP |
L1. | -.3786497 .0322154 -11.75 0.000 -.4417908 -.3155086
LNPOP |
L1. | .6983284 .3381805 2.06 0.039 .0355068 1.36115
LNPOP2 |
L1. | -.003355 .0104554 -0.32 0.748 -.0238472 .0171372
USAGREE |
L1. | .3238342 .222805 1.45 0.146 -.1128555 .7605239
WAR | -.079439 .0532447 -1.49 0.136 -.1837968 .0249187
linear | -.0040398 .0016324 -2.47 0.013 -.0072392 -.0008404
quad | -.0004424 .0001366 -3.24 0.001 -.0007101 -.0001747
_cons | 8.305782 2.815211 2.95 0.003 2.78807 13.82349
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
/sigma_u | .3816231 .0436249 .3050214 .4774622
/sigma_e | .7782419 .0120798 .7549224 .8022817
rho | .1938465 .0369457 .1297869 .2741803
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Likelihood-ratio test of sigma_u=0: chibar2(01)= 88.83 Prob>=chibar2 = 0.000
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel append
.
.
. xtreg lnWB l.lnWB PUBRES d.HRIGHTS l.HRIGHTS d.CIVIL l.CIVIL l.LNGDP l.LNPOP l.LNPOP2 l.USAGREE WAR linear quad , mle i(CCODE)
Fitting constant-only model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -5435.7918
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -5219.8437
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -5128.1743
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -5099.0529
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -5090.209
Iteration 5: log likelihood = -5088.5048
Iteration 6: log likelihood = -5088.3952
Iteration 7: log likelihood = -5088.3945
Fitting full model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -4971.4891
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -4955.2119
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -4954.2071
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -4954.205
Random-effects ML regression Number of obs = 1548
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 84
Random effects u_i ~ Gaussian Obs per group: min = 4
avg = 18.4
max = 24
LR chi2(13) = 268.38
Log likelihood = -4954.205 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lnWB | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
lnWB |
L1. | .3286479 .0276259 11.90 0.000 .2745022 .3827936
PUBRES | -2.607257 .8275894 -3.15 0.002 -4.229303 -.985212
HRIGHTS |
D1. | -.3247195 .2340831 -1.39 0.165 -.7835139 .1340749
L1. | -.2869033 .2497602 -1.15 0.251 -.7764243 .2026176
CIVIL |
D1. | .1504781 .2646918 0.57 0.570 -.3683083 .6692644
L1. | .2062989 .1630888 1.26 0.206 -.1133494 .5259471
LNGDP |
L1. | -3.58247 .3614388 -9.91 0.000 -4.290877 -2.874063
LNPOP |
L1. | 5.063735 2.576136 1.97 0.049 .0146009 10.11287
LNPOP2 |
L1. | -.0260826 .0776991 -0.34 0.737 -.1783701 .126205
USAGREE |
L1. | 6.767689 2.006038 3.37 0.001 2.835926 10.69945
WAR | -1.545163 .4671131 -3.31 0.001 -2.460688 -.6296383
linear | .0743247 .0148599 5.00 0.000 .0451999 .1034495
quad | -.0029212 .0011903 -2.45 0.014 -.0052542 -.0005882
_cons | 10.7805 21.18826 0.51 0.611 -30.74772 52.30873
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
/sigma_u | 2.424806 .3083332 1.889906 3.111101
/sigma_e | 5.715278 .1070281 5.50931 5.928946
rho | .1525445 .0339072 .0955319 .2285216
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Likelihood-ratio test of sigma_u=0: chibar2(01)= 66.10 Prob>=chibar2 = 0.000
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel append
F(13,2194) = 33.89
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0.6481 Prob > F = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
lnBI | Coef. Std.
Err. t P>|t|
[95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
lnBI |
L1. | .4403158
.0284841 15.46 0.000
.3844573 .4961744
PUBRES |
-.0686886 .0644171 -1.07
0.286 -.1950134 .0576362
HRIGHTS |
D1. |
-.0486375 .0169431 -2.87
0.004 -.0818636 -.0154113
L1. |
-.031463 .0185055 -1.70
0.089 -.0677531 .0048271
CIVIL |
D1. |
-.0105468 .0184289 -0.57
0.567 -.0466867 .0255931
L1. |
-.0118061 .0138229 -0.85
0.393 -.0389135 .0153013
LNGDP |
L1. |
-.0428712 .0398526 -1.08
0.282 -.121024 .0352817
LNPOP |
L1. |
-1.839718 .6645302 -2.77
0.006 -3.142892 -.5365441
LNPOP2 |
L1. | .0550197 .0224673 2.45 0.014 .0109603 .0990792
USAGREE |
L1. | -.335704 .1550127 -2.17 0.030 -.639691 -.0317171
WAR | -.0876941 .0341046 -2.57 0.010 -.1545748 -.0208135
linear | -.0015666 .003208 -0.49 0.625 -.0078576 .0047245
quad | -.0000439 .0000878 -0.50 0.617 -.0002161 .0001283
_cons | 27.05552 5.59447 4.84 0.000 16.08451 38.02653
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | .95776948
sigma_e | .49029395
rho | .79235901 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel replace
.
.
. xtreg lnMU l.lnMU PUBRES d.HRIGHTS l.HRIGHTS d.CIVIL l.CIVIL l.LNGDP l.LNPOP l.LNPOP2 l.USAGREE WAR linear quad , fe i(CCODE)
> robust
Fixed-effects (within) regression Number of obs = 2300
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 118
R-sq: within = 0.1649 Obs per group: min = 4
between = 0.4558 avg = 19.5
overall = 0.3109 max = 24
F(13,2169) = 15.44
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0.1898 Prob > F = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
lnMU | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
lnMU |
L1. | .3419873 .032394 10.56 0.000 .2784608 .4055138
PUBRES | -.2235031 .1435066 -1.56 0.120 -.5049279 .0579216
HRIGHTS |
D1. | -.0034685 .0270444 -0.13 0.898 -.0565043 .0495672
L1. | .0035815 .0294568 0.12 0.903 -.054185 .0613479
CIVIL |
D1. | .0124503 .0313881 0.40 0.692 -.0491035 .0740041
L1. | -.0286533 .0216484 -1.32 0.186 -.0711072 .0138006
LNGDP |
L1. | -.2181769 .0655243 -3.33 0.001 -.3466737 -.08968
LNPOP |
L1. | -1.724116 1.226221 -1.41 0.160 -4.128807 .680574
LNPOP2 |
L1. | .0519009 .0427387 1.21 0.225 -.0319122 .1357139
USAGREE |
L1. | .4985051 .2666063 1.87 0.062 -.0243254 1.021336
WAR | -.0799972 .0631436 -1.27 0.205 -.2038255 .043831
linear | .0008268 .0052438 0.16 0.875 -.0094567 .0111103
quad | -.0006027 .0001608 -3.75 0.000 -.0009181 -.0002873
_cons | 31.08354 9.673358 3.21 0.001 12.11353 50.05356
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | 1.1313743
sigma_e | .76883626
rho | .68408751 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel append
.
.
. xtreg lnWB l.lnWB PUBRES d.HRIGHTS l.HRIGHTS d.CIVIL l.CIVIL l.LNGDP l.LNPOP l.LNPOP2 l.USAGREE WAR linear quad , fe i(CCODE)
> robust
Fixed-effects (within) regression Number of obs = 1548
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 84
R-sq: within = 0.0923 Obs per group: min = 4
between = 0.6126 avg = 18.4
overall = 0.4105 max = 24
F(13,1451) = 7.19
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0.2350 Prob > F = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
lnWB | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
lnWB |
L1. | .238476 .0369815 6.45 0.000 .165933 .3110189
PUBRES | -1.782078 .9304098 -1.92 0.056 -3.60717 .0430142
HRIGHTS |
D1. | -.3002511 .2561437 -1.17 0.241 -.8027026 .2022004
L1. | -.2597325 .2778469 -0.93 0.350 -.804757 .2852921
CIVIL |
D1. | .0933475 .2751771 0.34 0.734 -.44644 .633135
L1. | .088575 .2094339 0.42 0.672 -.3222505 .4994005
LNGDP |
L1. | -1.946937 .6242361 -3.12 0.002 -3.171438 -.722435
LNPOP |
L1. | 7.241387 11.30224 0.64 0.522 -14.92909 29.41186
LNPOP2 |
L1. | -.1015086 .3777105 -0.27 0.788 -.8424256 .6394083
USAGREE |
L1. | 4.113711 2.207345 1.86 0.063 -.2162183 8.44364
WAR | -1.582126 .5160597 -3.07 0.002 -2.594428 -.5698226
linear | .0229451 .0513844 0.45 0.655 -.0778505 .1237407
quad | -.0018219 .0013164 -1.38 0.167 -.0044042 .0007604
_cons | -38.75698 92.55554 -0.42 0.675 -220.3139 142.8
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | 4.5560633
sigma_e | 5.6902
rho | .39065188 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
Table II. Treatment Regressions on
Logged Aid per Capita (World Bank Sample)
|
|
Multilateral |
World Bank |
||
|
|
Outcome |
Treatment |
Outcome |
Treatment |
|
Lagged Dependent Variable |
0.608 |
- |
0.345 |
- |
|
(19.01)** |
- |
(6.55)** |
- |
|
|
UNCHR Resolution |
-0.308 |
- |
-0.443 |
- |
|
(1.91) |
- |
(2.78)** |
- |
|
|
Δ PTS |
0.023 |
0.297 |
0.005 |
0.311 |
|
|
(0.84) |
(2.01)* |
(0.11) |
(2.11)* |
|
PTS
t-1 |
0.013 |
0.384 |
-.000 |
0.388 |
|
|
(0.42) |
(2.97)** |
(0.01) |
(2.91)** |
|
Δ Civil Liberties |
0.016 |
-0.116 |
-0.017 |
-0.166 |
|
|
(0.56) |
(0.5) |
(0.46) |
(0.7) |
|
Civil
Liberties t-1 |
0.012 |
0.074 |
0.014 |
0.05 |
|
|
(0.77) |
(0.97) |
(0.51) |
(0.62) |
|
GDP per Capita t-1 (logged) |
-0.208 |
-0.025 |
-0.5 |
-0.042 |
|
(6.72)** |
(0.21) |
(9.83)** |
(0.34) |
|
|
Population
t-1 (logged) |
-0.208 |
-0.113 |
-0.065 |
-0.119 |
|
(7.58)** |
(0.99) |
(1.94) |
(1.04) |
|
|
Agreement
with |
0.314 |
1.31 |
1.402 |
1.297 |
|
|
(1.45) |
(1.14) |
(3.34)** |
(1.19) |
|
War |
-0.048 |
0.281 |
-0.192 |
0.279 |
|
|
(0.86) |
(1.43) |
(2.24)* |
(1.45) |
|
Capabilities |
-0.112 |
2.142 |
-0.921 |
2.115 |
|
|
(0.5) |
(1.43) |
(3.00)** |
(1.34) |
|
Time (1st spline) |
-0.001 |
-0.002 |
0.012 |
-0.002 |
|
|
(0.79) |
(0.24) |
(4.24)** |
(0.31) |
|
Time (2nd spline) |
-.000 |
-0.001 |
-0.001 |
-0.001 |
|
|
(1.89) |
(1.4) |
(3.65)** |
(1.37) |
|
Constant |
5.531 |
-2.521 |
4.576 |
-2.23 |
|
|
(9.68)** |
(1.29) |
(8.53)** |
(1.1) |
|
Past UNCHR Resolution |
- |
3.134 |
- |
3.169 |
|
- |
(9.90)** |
- |
(9.77)** |
|
|
Left Executive |
- |
-1.199 |
- |
-1.258 |
|
|
- |
(3.03)** |
- |
(2.80)** |
|
ICCPR Treaty |
- |
0.511 |
- |
0.516 |
|
|
- |
(2.89)** |
- |
(2.94)** |
|
Membership |
- |
-0.271 |
- |
-0.256 |
|
|
- |
(1.42) |
- |
(1.31) |
|
UN Participation |
- |
0.225 |
- |
0.229 |
|
|
- |
(0.69) |
- |
(0.67) |
|
N |
1548 |
1548 |
||
|
Ci-sq ind. equations |
1.63 (p=.201) |
0.11 (p=.991) |
||
*significant at 5% level; ** significant at 1% level (two-tailed
tests)
Absolute value of z-statistics in parentheses
Random-effects ML regression Number of obs = 2324
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 118
Random effects u_i ~ Gaussian Obs per group: min = 4
avg = 19.7
max = 24
LR chi2(14) = 2592.38
Log likelihood = -11132.742 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BIPOP | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
BIPOP |
L1. | .7219975 .0134533 53.67 0.000 .6956295 .7483656
PUBRES | 7.646513 2.802232 2.73 0.006 2.15424 13.13879
HRIGHTS |
D1. | -2.704706 .9348885 -2.89 0.004 -4.537054 -.8723583
L1. | -2.215864 .8650346 -2.56 0.010 -3.9113 -.5204268
CIVIL |
D1. | -1.364578 1.085103 -1.26 0.209 -3.491342 .7621854
L1. | -1.195924 .5136132 -2.33 0.020 -2.202587 -.1892607
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.0006385 .0004832 -1.32 0.186 -.0015856 .0003085
POPULATI |
L1. | -6.65e-08 2.95e-08 -2.25 0.024 -1.24e-07 -8.66e-09
POPSQ |
L1. | 7.35e-17 2.11e-17 3.48 0.000 3.21e-17 1.15e-16
GDPSQ |
L1. | -2.01e-10 2.20e-08 -0.01 0.993 -4.34e-08 4.30e-08
USAGREE |
L1. | 17.73815 7.328501 2.42 0.016 3.374554 32.10175
WAR | 1.973809 1.769901 1.12 0.265 -1.495132 5.442751
CAPAB | -39.36731 39.72334 -0.99 0.322 -117.2236 38.489
linear | -.1026098 .0546357 -1.88 0.060 -.2096938 .0044743
quad | -.0114164 .0047716 -2.39 0.017 -.0207686 -.0020641
_cons | 20.65774 4.232906 4.88 0.000 12.3614 28.95409
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
/sigma_u | 4.585793 0 4.585793 4.585793
/sigma_e | 28.77236 .4307105 27.94045 29.62905
rho | .0247733 . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Likelihood-ratio test of sigma_u=0: chibar2(01)= 8.22 Prob>=chibar2 = 0.002
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel replace
.
.
. xtreg MUPOP l.MUPOP PUBRES d.HRIGHTS l.HRIGHTS d.CIVIL l.CIVIL l.GDPPOP l.POPULATI l.POPSQ l.GDPSQ l.USAGREE WAR CAPAB linear
> quad , mle i(CCODE)
Fitting constant-only model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -10567.278
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -10380.119
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -10310.67
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -10286.298
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -10279.825
Iteration 5: log likelihood = -10278.99
Iteration 6: log likelihood = -10278.967
Iteration 7: log likelihood = -10278.967
Fitting full model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -10202.565
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -10166.237
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -10133.369
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -10132.101
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -10132.097
Random-effects ML regression Number of obs = 2308
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 118
Random effects u_i ~ Gaussian Obs per group: min = 4
avg = 19.6
max = 24
LR chi2(14) = 293.74
Log likelihood = -10132.097 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MUPOP | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
MUPOP |
L1. | .2675163 .0214799 12.45 0.000 .2254165 .3096161
PUBRES | -1.15103 2.185828 -0.53 0.598 -5.435174 3.133115
HRIGHTS |
D1. | -1.058455 .6320405 -1.67 0.094 -2.297232 .1803214
L1. | -1.615747 .6728203 -2.40 0.016 -2.934451 -.2970436
CIVIL |
D1. | .2849399 .7247971 0.39 0.694 -1.135636 1.705516
L1. | .1488092 .4629161 0.32 0.748 -.7584897 1.056108
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.0022605 .0005152 -4.39 0.000 -.0032702 -.0012509
POPULATI |
L1. | -5.79e-08 4.06e-08 -1.43 0.154 -1.37e-07 2.17e-08
POPSQ |
L1. | 5.82e-17 2.35e-17 2.48 0.013 1.21e-17 1.04e-16
GDPSQ |
L1. | 5.45e-08 1.85e-08 2.95 0.003 1.83e-08 9.07e-08
USAGREE |
L1. | 4.837952 5.343688 0.91 0.365 -5.635484 15.31139
WAR | -2.40947 1.288532 -1.87 0.061 -4.934945 .1160052
CAPAB | -48.12056 48.50162 -0.99 0.321 -143.182 46.94086
linear | -.1097376 .0394695 -2.78 0.005 -.1870964 -.0323788
quad | -.0082877 .0032232 -2.57 0.010 -.0146051 -.0019703
_cons | 26.56184 3.636852 7.30 0.000 19.43374 33.68994
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
/sigma_u | 12.03861 1.055822 10.13733 14.29649
/sigma_e | 18.46161 .2817839 17.91751 19.02224
rho | .2983539 .0378905 .2286603 .3763749
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Likelihood-ratio test of sigma_u=0: chibar2(01)= 218.46 Prob>=chibar2 = 0.000
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel append
.
. xtreg WBPOP l.WBPOP PUBRES d.HRIGHTS l.HRIGHTS d.CIVIL l.CIVIL l.GDPPOP l.POPULATI l.POPSQ l.GDPSQ l.USAGREE WAR CAPAB linear q
> uad , mle i(CCODE)
Fitting constant-only model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -5794.997
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -5750.421
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -5739.6629
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -5737.7781
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -5737.6623
Iteration 5: log likelihood = -5737.6616
Fitting full model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -5712.5039
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -5701.8098
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -5701.5772
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -5701.577
Random-effects ML regression Number of obs = 1548
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 84
Random effects u_i ~ Gaussian Obs per group: min = 4
avg = 18.4
max = 24
LR chi2(14) = 72.17
Log likelihood = -5701.577 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WBPOP | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
WBPOP |
L1. | .1062072 .0260977 4.07 0.000 .0550567 .1573577
PUBRES | -2.876816 1.315841 -2.19 0.029 -5.455817 -.2978143
HRIGHTS |
D1. | -.1273318 .3781324 -0.34 0.736 -.8684577 .613794
L1. | -.5767798 .3920339 -1.47 0.141 -1.345152 .1915926
CIVIL |
D1. | .0168748 .4294967 0.04 0.969 -.8249233 .8586728
L1. | .3572819 .2645951 1.35 0.177 -.161315 .8758788
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.0042962 .0008773 -4.90 0.000 -.0060156 -.0025767
POPULATI |
L1. | -2.43e-08 1.61e-08 -1.51 0.130 -5.58e-08 7.15e-09
POPSQ |
L1. | 2.09e-17 1.06e-17 1.98 0.047 2.37e-19 4.16e-17
GDPSQ |
L1. | 3.73e-07 1.20e-07 3.11 0.002 1.38e-07 6.08e-07
USAGREE |
L1. | 8.725206 3.299424 2.64 0.008 2.258454 15.19196
WAR | -1.313457 .7603869 -1.73 0.084 -2.803788 .1768743
CAPAB | -11.31539 24.16904 -0.47 0.640 -58.68585 36.05506
linear | .0818738 .0243184 3.37 0.001 .0342105 .129537
quad | -.0066262 .0019368 -3.42 0.001 -.0104223 -.0028301
_cons | 8.661486 2.104338 4.12 0.000 4.537059 12.78591
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
/sigma_u | 3.757194 .5142746 2.873117 4.913305
/sigma_e | 9.27938 .1744994 8.943594 9.627774
rho | .1408504 .0341802 .0843713 .2186509
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Likelihood-ratio test of sigma_u=0: chibar2(01)= 53.60 Prob>=chibar2 = 0.000
Random-effects ML regression Number of obs = 2324
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 118
Random effects u_i ~ Gaussian Obs per group: min = 4
avg = 19.7
max = 24
LR chi2(14) = 1108.45
Log likelihood = -1790.6841 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BIPOP | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
BIPOP |
L1. | .5534005 .0216949 25.51 0.000 .5108792 .5959217
help | .0109549 .118878 0.09 0.927 -.2220416 .2439514
PUBRES | -.032417 .0651706 -0.50 0.619 -.160149 .095315
HRIGHTS |
D1. | -.037063 .0168658 -2.20 0.028 -.0701194 -.0040066
L1. | -.0175197 .0182199 -0.96 0.336 -.0532301 .0181908
CIVIL |
D1. | -.0154025 .0194041 -0.79 0.427 -.0534339 .0226289
L1. | -.0203749 .0128101 -1.59 0.112 -.0454823 .0047324
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.1071874 .0251329 -4.26 0.000 -.1564469 -.0579279
LNPOP |
L1. | -.1622778 .0310535 -5.23 0.000 -.2231415 -.1014141
USAGREE |
L1. | -.1235023 .1449716 -0.85 0.394 -.4076413 .1606368
WAR | -.0876369 .0344439 -2.54 0.011 -.1551456 -.0201281
CAPAB | -.7584601 .6055079 -1.25 0.210 -1.945234 .4283136
linear | -.00491 .0011155 -4.40 0.000 -.0070965 -.0027236
quad | -.000046 .0000855 -0.54 0.590 -.0002136 .0001215
_cons | 4.903234 .5661647 8.66 0.000 3.793572 6.012897
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
/sigma_u | .385318 .0383399 .3170466 .4682906
/sigma_e | .4906367 .0075667 .476028 .5056936
rho | .3814803 .048691 .2904947 .4795629
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Likelihood-ratio test of sigma_u=0: chibar2(01)= 107.36 Prob>=chibar2 = 0.000
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel replace
.
.
. xtreg MUPOP l.MUPOP help PUBRES d.HRIGHTS l.HRIGHTS d.CIVIL l.CIVIL l.GDPPOP l.LNPOP l.USAGREE WAR CAPAB linear quad , mle i(C
> CODE)
Fitting constant-only model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -4090.1554
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -3431.8514
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -3064.4811
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -2929.1457
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -2877.9332
Iteration 5: log likelihood = -2859.7067
Iteration 6: log likelihood = -2855.2735
Iteration 7: log likelihood = -2854.8146
Iteration 8: log likelihood = -2854.8067
Iteration 9: log likelihood = -2854.8067
Fitting full model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -2498.6721
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -2471.8102
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -2469.2521
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -2469.2428
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -2469.2428
Random-effects ML regression Number of obs = 2308
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 118
Random effects u_i ~ Gaussian Obs per group: min = 4
avg = 19.6
max = 24
LR chi2(14) = 771.13
Log likelihood = -2469.2428 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MUPOP | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
MUPOP |
L1. | .4349621 .022523 19.31 0.000 .3908179 .4791064
help | .3145141 .1624911 1.94 0.053 -.0039627 .6329908
PUBRES | -.3681636 .0856941 -4.30 0.000 -.5361209 -.2002063
HRIGHTS |
D1. | .0143597 .0230228 0.62 0.533 -.030764 .0594835
L1. | .0166385 .0241552 0.69 0.491 -.0307049 .0639819
CIVIL |
D1. | .0046953 .0264063 0.18 0.859 -.0470601 .0564506
L1. | -.0164821 .0161634 -1.02 0.308 -.0481618 .0151976
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.3299795 .0281659 -11.72 0.000 -.3851837 -.2747754
LNPOP |
L1. | -.2998144 .0307536 -9.75 0.000 -.3600904 -.2395384
USAGREE |
L1. | .2602808 .191375 1.36 0.174 -.1148074 .635369
WAR | -.1097219 .0462081 -2.37 0.018 -.2002882 -.0191556
CAPAB | .099572 .563921 0.18 0.860 -1.005693 1.204837
linear | -.0026019 .0014122 -1.84 0.065 -.0053697 .000166
quad | -.0002918 .0001174 -2.48 0.013 -.0005219 -.0000616
_cons | 8.307768 .5898356 14.08 0.000 7.151712 9.463825
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
/sigma_u | .3286124 .0359715 .2651595 .4072496
/sigma_e | .6757968 .0104238 .6556723 .6965391
rho | .1912316 .0349795 .1302925 .2670617
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Likelihood-ratio test of sigma_u=0: chibar2(01)= 100.41 Prob>=chibar2 = 0.000
.
. outreg using test.doc, nolabel append
.
. xtreg WBPOP l.WBPOP help PUBRES d.HRIGHTS l.HRIGHTS d.CIVIL l.CIVIL l.GDPPOP l.LNPOP l.USAGREE WAR CAPAB linear quad , mle i(C
> CODE)
Fitting constant-only model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -2389.2943
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -2298.3985
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -2268.1924
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -2259.2344
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -2257.5666
Iteration 5: log likelihood = -2257.4648
Iteration 6: log likelihood = -2257.4642
Fitting full model:
Iteration 0: log likelihood = -2215.3212
Iteration 1: log likelihood = -2195.4334
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -2194.291
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -2194.2883
Random-effects ML regression Number of obs = 1548
Group variable (i): CCODE Number of groups = 84
Random effects u_i ~ Gaussian Obs per group: min = 4
avg = 18.4
max = 24
LR chi2(14) = 126.35
Log likelihood = -2194.2883 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WBPOP | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
WBPOP |
L1. | .1672693 .0277209 6.03 0.000 .1129375 .2216012
help | -.036759 .2831504 -0.13 0.897 -.5917236 .5182056
PUBRES | -.4144008 .154852 -2.68 0.007 -.7179052 -.1108963
HRIGHTS |
D1. | -.0178795 .0394495 -0.45 0.650 -.095199 .0594401
L1. | -.0407546 .0422811 -0.96 0.335 -.123624 .0421147
CIVIL |
D1. | .0032159 .0445067 0.07 0.942 -.0840156 .0904475
L1. | .0415496 .0281069 1.48 0.139 -.013539 .0966382
GDPPOP |
L1. | -.4746341 .0617553 -7.69 0.000 -.5956723 -.3535959
LNPOP |
L1. | -.0886937 .0481287 -1.84 0.065 -.1830242 .0056368
USAGREE |
L1. | 1.109894 .3419578 3.25 0.001 .4396691 1.780119
WAR | -.2183667 .0788635 -2.77 0.006 -.3729363 -.0637971
CAPAB | -1.131022 .8317029 -1.36 0.174 -2.761129 .499086
linear | .0105184 .0025308 4.16 0.000 .0055581 .0154786
quad | -.0006184